One of the main causes of climate changes is the emission of greenhouse gas, which stemmed from various human activities including the generation of electricity, manufacturing, deforestation, transportation, food production and individual consumption patterns. The generation of electricity requires fossil fuel to be heated, which contributes significantly to the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. The manufacturing industry, particularly in sectors such as cement, steel, plastic and clothing also play a substantial role by emitting gases during production processes. Furthermore, deforestation contributes to emissions as trees release stored carbon dioxide when cut down; each year approximately 12 million hectares of forest are destroyed. Transportation is powered largely by fossil fuels, which led to it being a major emitter of carbon dioxide. Food production causes the emission of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases through various reasons, including the digestion by cows and sheep, the production and use of fertilisers and manure for growing crops. Additionally, individual lifestyles and consumption patterns, including energy use, transportation, diet, and goods purchased, collectively contribute to greenhouse gas emissions.
The emission of greenhouse gases as a result of climate changes led to a surge in global temperatures. The last decade was marked as the warmest on record. Since the 1980s the global temperature has been growing warmer. This can be seen from the prevalence of hot days and heatwaves that are escalating. Furthermore, this also led to water scarcity as a result of exacerbating droughts, desert expansion, and destructive sand and dust storms. Another effect was from the posing threats of rising sea levels and acidification. Climate change contributes to a rapid loss of biodiversity, with species facing extinction rates a thousand times higher than historical norms. Hunger and poor nutrition are increasing globally due to climate-related disruptions in fisheries, agriculture, and livestock. There is also an increase in health risks due to air pollution, diseases and extreme weather. Therefore, these factors highlight the need for widespread awareness and sustainable practices to address this global challenge.
To combat climate change effectively, it is crucial to pressure governments and businesses to implement key measures. This includes keeping fossil fuels in the ground and transitioning to renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. Sustainable transport, energy-efficient homes and a shift towards plant-based diets can also contribute significantly. Protecting forests, oceans, and reducing overall consumption, especially of plastic, are crucial steps in mitigating climate change. We can also play a part by making better choices about where we get our energy, how we travel and what food we eat. By advocating for these changes, we can collectively work towards a more sustainable and resilient future.